Background: Despite the high incidence AND prevalence of CTS, there is no exclusive data about normal values increment of MOTOR AND SENSORY distal latencies of median NERVE at wrist according to age. This research was done in electrodiagnosis lab of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation ward in Nemazi hospital in Shiraz between 1374-1379. Material AND methods: This study was performed on 1200 cases that had no history of paresthesia AND numbness in both hANDs AND no history of diabetes mellitus, systemic disease, AND electrodiagnosis evidence of no cervical radiculopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Tinel's AND phallen 's tests were also negative in all cases. Normal values, increment of MOTOR AND SENSORY distal latencies of both hANDs median NERVEs were studied AND analyzed in ten age groups from 10-80 years. Results: In this study, the mean normal value for distal MOTOR latency of median NERVE was 3.3 ms (2.50-4. 20ms). Increment of this value is mild (about 0.1ms per decade after 5th decade of Age – 50 life) AND could be calculated with the following formula: DML (8cm)= (3.30+Age- 50 /75) ±0.0025 age. The mean normal value for distal SENSORY latency of median NERVE was 3.2ms (2.7- 3.70ms). Increment of his value is mild (about 0.1ms per decade after the 51hdecade of life) that could be calculated with the following formula: DSL (14cm) = (3.20 +Age- 50/100) ±0.0025 age. Conclusions: It seems that age has significant influence on distal MOTOR AND SENSORY latencies at wrist. We recommend electrodiagnostic evaluations to be performed according to the age.

Introduction: CANDidiasis, as an opportunistic infection, is caused by the CANDida species. Although CANDida albicans is classified in the body as an endogenic flora, it plays an important role in creating CANDida related diseases. CANDida vulvovaginitis in pregnant women, diabetes mellitus patients AND those using multiple antibiotics AND contraceptive drugs demonstrates the high resistance of the organism against conventional medication. On the other hAND, recurrent vaginitis disintegrates the long-term process of treatment in majority of the patients. The present research was done with the aim of determining the optimum conditions for susceptibility testing before retreatment of patients.Methods: 10 isolates of CANDida albicans obtained from 31 suspected patients suffering from recurrent CANDida vaginitis were incubated with ketoconazole at two pH of 7.2 AND 5.5 AND two temperatures of 35ºC AND 27ºC. The Microdilution broth test technique was used. The RPMI 1640 medium within the 96 well microplates with range of 12 tests was used to determine the MIC50 , MIC90 AND MFC of the drug.Results: The obtained MIC50, MIC90 AND MFC for ketoconazole at these conditions (T=35ºC AND pH=7.2) were 0.25 to 1 μg/ml, 1 to 4 μg/ml AND 64 to ≥ 512 μg/ml respectively, while these values at 27ºC, pH 5.5 were 1 to 8 μg/ml, 8 to 64 μg/ml AND 512 to ≥ 512 μg/ml, at 35ºC AND pH 5.5 the values were 1 to 8 μg/ml, 4 to 32 μg/ml, 256 to ≥ 512 μg/ml, while at 27ºC AND pH 7.2 the values were 1 to 2 μg/ml, 8 to 32 μg/ml, 128 to ≥ 512 mg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The obtained results confirmed that conditions with temperature of 35ºC AND pH 7.2 resulted in better treatment outcomes than other conditions.

The experiments were carried out on the muscle spindle (MS) that located onto the soleus muscle (SM) in the anaesthetized rats. After applying a mechanical slow stretch (SS) on the SM, the MS wasn't influenced by this stimulant AND it was in a slack status. On the other hAND, the MS has showed a dysfunction. The slack status of MS, it means, without electro-mechanical activity for MS that was observed in isolating MS. AND this slack status of MS also was occurred by insufficient of γ-MOTOR stimulation. With using the passive stimulating vibration on the MS-SM, again, the slack status of MS was observed. Of course, in this experiment, before that the MS was made up with passive vibration, firstly, the activation of MS was clearly observed by gs-activity. On contrary of the positive effect of  gs into MS, there wasn't a positive effect with gd-activity into MS. But, it's stated that, there was the resting discharge (RD) in the MS during slack status AND the RD scale has been significantly acceptable. The MS-RD was created with both of the SS AND especially by γs stimulation, though not with gd stimulation.However, it was concluded that, the changing of MS-activity could be caused with the changing length of SK.M. In this process, the MS respond was pertinent to gs-activity. Meanwhile, the activation of γs was followed by activity of MS- chain- afferent. It's seemed that, in this loop of nervo-muscular wasn't any place for activating of MS-bag fiber.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent endocrine disease AND the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy which is one of the important late complications of diabetes. Careful neurologic examination AND electrodiagnosis are essential AND valuable in early diagnosis of neuropathy AND prevention of its sequence. The aim of this study was to assessment the electroneurographic findings in diabetic patients.Methods: In this study 103 rANDom selected diabetic patients who referred for electroneurographic studies were evaluated. Neurologic AND electroneurographic examination were done in all patients. Three MOTOR NERVEs (M-median, deep peroneal AND tibial) AND three SENSORY NERVEs (S-median, sural AND superficial peroneal) were evaluated AND in each NERVE its conduction velocity, distal latency AND amplitude AND also bilateral H-reflex from soleus muscle were measured.Findings: Among 103 studied subjects, 30 patients (29.1%) had type I AND 73 (70.9%) had type II diabetes mellitus. Overall incidence of diabetic neuropathy was 79.6%. There is direct correlation between duration of diabetes AND prevalence of diabetic neuropathy. The most common complaint was numbness AND tingling of distal part in 72% (P<0.0001).The most common physical finding was abnormal ankle jerk in 94% (P<0.001). The most sensitive finding in electroneurographic examination was absent or prolonged H-reflex in 92.5% (P<0.0001). Overall, the parameter of amplitude was more sensitive than distal latency.Conclusion: NERVE conduction parameters especially H-reflex study AND amplitude of SENSORY responses are valuable in early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. There is good correlation between clinical AND electroneurographic findings, thus thorough clinical examination is highly recommended, to prevent unnecessary work ups AND help preventing untoward complications.

Due to considerable differences in distal latency AND NERVE conduction velocity in different races, AND the necessity of setting a stANDard for each geographical area, we intended to determine the normal amounts of SENSORY AND MOTOR latencies AND NERVE conduction velocity of the median NERVE in Iran is most common involvement among peripheral NERVEs. 1200 subjects, both male AND female, were rANDomly selected from among healthy people of the community including all age groups. Obtained values for both sexes were separately examined considering the values for left AND right hANDs. The results of data analysis indicated no significant differences between the two sexes or the right AND left hANDs. Therefore, the whole population were assessed for the amounts of five parameters: SENSORY AND MOTOR distal latencies from wrist AND palm, SENSORY NERVE condition velocity, mixed SENSORY AND MOTOR potential of the median NERVE. We obtained the mean, stANDard deviation, minimum AND maximum amounts of the Iranian community, which can be a reference in the differentiation of abnormal cases from normal ones.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with mild to moderate severity can often be effectively treated by Non- Surgical Measures in a primary care environment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of NERVE AND tendon gliding exercises in the treatment of CTS. In a prospective rANDomized controlled trial. 38 hANDs with the diagnosis of CTS were rANDomly divided to two groups. Both groups were prescribed to wear a Custom molded wrist splint. The patients in group 2 were also instructed to perform NERVE AND tendon gliding exercises. Duration of treatment for both groups was 4 weeks. Patients were evaluated with clinical AND electrophysiological parameters, symptom severity scale, AND functional status scale. There was statistically significant improvement in all parameters in both groups, The Improvement in group 2 was slightly better, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (p<0.05). Patient’s satisfaction was investigated during the follow up period (5-8 months), A total of 11 (61.1%) of the patients in group 1AND 13 (76.0%) of the patients in group 2 reported good or excellent results but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conservative treatment in both groups was effective but without significant difference between them. Further studies with more patients AND longer duration of follow up with clinical AND electrophysiological parameters are recommended.